We simulated La Lγ1 X-ray fluorescence holography (La Lγ1 XFH) on a spherical cluster model of Sr0.95La0.05TiO3. As the radius of the model rc increased from 10 Å to 200 Å, the simulated hologram pattern became finer and ...

Overexpression of MSN2, which is the transcription factor gene in response to stress, is well-known to increase the tolerance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to a wide variety of environmental stresses. Recent ...

The shapes of plant organs such as sepals are precise and reproducible, although the cells composing these organs are highly heterogeneous. We investigate the collective behavior of a shape deformation model with spatio-temporal ...

Accurate chromosome segregation at mitosis and meiosis is crucial to prevent genome instability, birth defect, and cancer. Accordingly, separase, the protease that triggers chromosome distribution, is tightly regulated by ...

An endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located transmembrane protein, Ire1, triggers cytoprotective events upon ER stress. Chimeric yeast Ire1 carrying the luminal domain of the mammalian major Ire1 paralogue IRE1α is upregulated ...

Upon dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), eukaryotic cells evoke the unfolded protein response (UPR), which, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisaie cells, is promoted by the ER-located transmembrane endoribonuclease ...

Ire1 and its family protein PERK are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress sensors that initiate cellular responses against ER accumulation of unfolded proteins. As reviewed in this article, many publications describe molecular ...

Cell elongation, which plays an important role in root penetration into the soil, responds to a variety of environmental factors. A previous study demonstrated that abscisic acid, a phytohormone involved in stress responses, ...

The Gap phases of the cell cycle are essential to perceive internal and external signals and control cell division and differentiation. However, our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying G2 progression in plants ...

Cilia, the hair-like protrusions that beat at high frequencies to propel a cell or move fluid around are composed of radially bundled doublet microtubules. In this study, we present a near-atomic resolution map of the ...