YidC/Alb3/Oxa1 family proteins are involved in the insertion and assembly of membrane proteins. The core five transmembrane regions of YidC, which are conserved in the protein family, form a positively charged cavity open ...

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein that facilitates Ca2+ uptake from the cytosol to the ER. SERCA2b includes a characteristic 11th transmembrane helix ...

During vertebrate development, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated by growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and it regulates the formation of tissues/organs including eyes, brains, ...

The reproducibility of embryonic development is remarkable, although molecular processes are intrinsically stochastic at the single-cell level. How the multicellular system resists the inevitable noise to acquire developmental ...

In flowering plants, the switch from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium (female structure) formation is a critical developmental transition for reproductive success. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AGAMOUS (AG) terminates ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake yeast strain Kyokai no. 7 (K7) and its relatives carry a homozygous loss-of-function mutation in the RIM15 gene, which encodes a Greatwall-family protein kinase. Disruption of RIM15 in non-sake ...

As an essential step for brain morphogenesis, neurons migrate via mechanical interactions with components of their environment such as neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix. However, the molecular mechanism by ...

Growth cones navigate axonal projection in response to guidance cues. However, it is unclear how they can decide the migratory direction by transducing the local spatial cues into protrusive forces. Here we show that ...

Freeze-thaw stress causes various types of cellular damages, survival and/or proliferation defects, and metabolic alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying how cells cope with freeze-thaw stress are poorly understood. ...